ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence reports2025
Substance use and mental health characteristics among pregnant individuals with medical and non-medical benzodiazepine use early in pregnancy.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Research to date evaluating the safety of benzodizapine use during pregnancy has shown mixed results and has relied on self-report or filled prescription data, which are unlikely to capture non-medical use and, consequently, could bias results. Therefore, research on non-medical benzodiazepine use during pregnancy is needed. Methods: The present study used data from a large, healthcare system with universal screening for prenatal substance use via urine toxicology tests and information on filled prescriptions. We first evaluated the prevalence of pregnancies with non-medical benzodiazepine use (positive urine toxicology test and no filled prescriptions in the past year) and medical benzodiazepine use (positive urine toxicology test and >1 filled prescription in the past year). We also evaluated the presence of co-occurrence of substance use and mental health conditions among these pregnancies. Results: Our results showed that benzodiazepine use during early pregnancy was rare (<1 % had a positive toxicology test). However, more than one-third of those with a positive toxicology test did not have a filled prescription (i.e., had non-medical use) We also found similar rates of substance use and mental health conditions among pregnancies with medical and non-medical benzodiazepine use. Conclusion: Our results suggest that research relying on prescription data alone and the medical system may be missing pregnant individuals using benzodiazepines. This points to a need for additional measures and screenings (e.g., urine toxicology tests) in both research and clinical settings. Our findings also underscore a need for additional services for pregnant individuals with both medical and non-medical benzodiazepine use.
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