Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40501398›Full record

Trial reportHaematologica2026

Recombinant human erythropoietin plus all-

Chen Mei, Gaixiang Xu, Cuiping Zheng, Yaping Xie, Minming Li, Yanping Shao, Rongxin Yao, Shi Tao, Wei Jiang, Jun Guo and 11 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Haematologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. [Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of myelodysplastic neoplasms (2026)].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Chen MeiMyelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Gaixiang XuMyelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Cuiping ZhengDepartment of hematology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang.
Yaping XieDepartment of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Minming LiDepartment of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong.
Yanping ShaoDepartment of Hematology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang.
Rongxin YaoDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang.
Shi TaoDepartment of Hematology, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
Wei JiangDepartment of Hematology, Shangyu People's Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
Jun GuoDepartment of Hematology, Changxing County People's Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang.
Zhiyin ZhengDepartment of Haematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Wei WangMyelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Xinping ZhouMyelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Liya MaMyelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Li YeMyelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Yingwan LuoMyelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Chunmei YangDepartment of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Wenjuan YuDepartment of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Wanzhuo XieDepartment of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Jie JinDepartment of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Hongyan TongMyelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang. tonghongyan@zju.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) achieve hematological improvement-erythroid (HI-E) in only 30% of ESA-naïve lower- risk myelodysplastic syndrome (LR-MDS) patients with anemia, highlighting the need for developing novel drugs or new treatment strategies to improve the outcome of these patients. We conducted this multicenter, single-arm trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of a triple regimen consisting of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and testosterone undecanoate in patients with anemia due to lower-risk MDS based on Revised International Prognostic Scoring System. Eligible patients received rhEPO 10,000 IU/day, oral ATRA 25 mg/m2/day and oral testosterone undecanoate 80 mg twice daily for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving HI-E during 12 weeks of treatment. Of 52 eligible patients, 32 (61.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.0-73.5%) achieved HI-E, meeting the primary endpoint. Fifteen patients (65.2% [15/23]) with baseline serum erythropoietin (EPO) ≤500 IU/L had HI-E versus 58.6% of those (17/29) with baseline serum EPO >500 IU/L. More patients with very low or low risk had HI-E than those with intermediate risk (73.3% vs. 45.5%; P=0.041) and fewer patients with mutated ASXL1 had HI-E than those with wild-type ASXL1 (33.3% vs. 70.0%; P=0.040). The regimen had an acceptable safety profile compatible with individual agents. In conclusion, the triple regimen of rhEPO combined with ATRA and testosterone undecanoate attained HI-E in approximately 61.5% of patients regardless of baseline serum EPO levels, supporting further development of this regimen for LR-MDS patients with anemia. This study was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn (Identifier: ChiCTR2000032845).

Indexed as

AnemiaErythropoietinMyelodysplastic SyndromesTestosteroneTretinoinAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRecombinant ProteinsTreatment OutcomeErythropoietinRecombinant ProteinsTestosteronetestosterone undecanoateTretinoin

Identifiers

PMID40501398
PMCPMC12862310

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.