ArticleJournal of biosciences2025
Chronic administration of morphine provokes generation of antibodies to morphine and immunosuppression in individuals with opioid use disorder.
Article in Journal of biosciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Globally, opioid use disorder (OUD) presents a significant public health challenge linked to high mortality and disability rates. Heroin and other morphine derivatives are prevalent among abused opioids. Prolonged exposure to these substances in individuals with OUD can trigger an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies to morphine that may bind to morphine and potentially mitigate its rewarding effects. In our study, we analyzed serum samples from patients diagnosed with OUD to explore the nature and properties of antibodies to morphine, aiming to characterize the generation of antibodies to morphine due to long-term exposure to morphine. We observed varying titers of antibodies to morphine in OUD patients, absent in healthy controls, with both free morphine and morphine complexes detected bound to these antibodies, indicating less potency. Furthermore, our analysis revealed elevated levels of FoxP3, a critical transcription factor in regulatory T-cells (Tregs) responsible for maintaining immunosuppression. Concurrently, reduced levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) indicated immunosuppressive activity. Notably, decreased antibody titers against the Acr1 protein of
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