Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40500332›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2025

Potentiating cancer immunotherapies with modular albumin-hitchhiking nanobody-STING agonist conjugates.

Blaise R Kimmel, Karan Arora, Neil C Chada, Vijaya Bharti, Alexander J Kwiatkowski, Jonah E Finkelstein, Ann Hanna, Emily N Arner, Taylor L Sheehy, Lucinda E Pastora and 15 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Macrophage Extracellular Traps in Immunity and Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Albumin-Bound STING Agonist Reprograms HSPCs to Antitumor Neutrophils Enhancing CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Beyond conceptual advances in cancer therapies.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Blaise R KimmelDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9582-9887
Karan AroraDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1472-1637
Neil C ChadaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4566-3564
Vijaya BhartiDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Alexander J KwiatkowskiDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-3555
Jonah E FinkelsteinDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Ann HannaDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Emily N ArnerDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-8829
Taylor L SheehyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3100-8115
Lucinda E PastoraDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Jinming YangDepartment of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Hayden M PagendarmDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7611-6120
Payton T StoneDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8105-0610
Ebony Hargrove-WileyDepartment of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4452-4917
Brandie C TaylorDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4862-4678
Lauren A HubertDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Barbara M FingletonDepartment of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Katherine N Gibson-CorleyDivision of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1846-1580
Jody C MayDepartment of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4871-5024
John A McLeanDepartment of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-6419
Jeffrey C RathmellVanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-3396
Ann RichmondDepartment of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9580-900X
W Kimryn RathmellDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4984-0225
Justin M BalkoDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4263-5974
John T WilsonDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. john.t.wilson@vanderbilt.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9144-2634

Funding

Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Research ProgramP30CA068485 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Ben Ho Park · 1995 to 2026
$172.8M
TISSUE CoreP50CA098131 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI PARK, BEN HO, PIETENPOL, JENNIFER A · 2003 to 2024
$48.7M
Translational Analysis CoreP30DK058404 · NIDDK · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI MARY Kay WASHINGTON · 2002 to 2026
$29.9M
Vanderbilt Diabetes Research CenterP30DK020593 · NIDDK · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI OWEN P MCGUINNESS · 2012 to 2026
$29.3M
MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007347 · NIGMS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI WILLIAMS, CHRISTOPHER S. · 1985 to 2023
$26.3M
Shop Module CoreP30EY008126 · NEI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI David J. Calkins · 1989 to 2026
$19.6M
Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Physiology CenterU24DK059637 · NIDDK · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI WASSERMAN, DAVID H · 2001 to 2015
$14.9M
MULTIDISCIPLINARY BASIC RESEARCH TRAINING IN CANCERT32CA009592 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI Justin M Balko, Julie A Rhoades (Sterling) · 1987 to 2026
$10.4M
Chemistry-Biology Interface Training GrantT32GM065086 · NIGMS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI BACHMANN, BRIAN O, SULIKOWSKI, GARY ALLEN · 2002 to 2022
$7.0M
Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM152284 · NIGMS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI Christopher S. Williams · 2024 to 2026
$4.8M
Metabolic Barriers to T Cell Activation in Clear Cell Renal Cell CarcinomaR01CA217987 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Jeffrey C Rathmell · 2018 to 2026
$4.3M
Integrated Training in Engineering and DiabetesT32DK101003 · NIDDK · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI Jamey D. Young · 2014 to 2026
$3.9M
BLRD VA I01 BX002301National Science Foundation (NSF) 193793National Science Foundation (NSF) CBET-1554623National Science Foundation (NSF) DMR 1852157NCI NIH HHS F32 CA288044NCI NIH HHS K00 CA253718NCI NIH HHS P30 CA068485NCI NIH HHS P50 CA098131NCI NIH HHS R01 CA217987NCI NIH HHS R01 CA245134NCI NIH HHS R01 CA266767NCI NIH HHS R01 CA274675NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009592NEI NIH HHS P30 EY008126NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020593NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK058404NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK101003NIDDK NIH HHS U24 DK059637NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007347NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM065086NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM152284NIH HHS S10 OD021630Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America Foundation (PhRMA Foundation) Postdoctoral Fellowship in Drug DeliverySusan G. Komen (Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation) CCR19609205United States Department of Defense | United States Army | Army Medical Command | Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (CDMRP) BC170037U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) P30 CA68485U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) R01 CA11601U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) SPORE 2P50CA098131-17U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) T32CA009592U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases) T32DK101003U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) T32GM007347U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) T32GM065086U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (Department of Veterans Affairs) IK6B005225
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The enhancement of antitumour immunity via agonists of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is limited by pharmacological barriers. Here we show that the covalent conjugation of a STING agonist to anti-albumin nanobodies via site-selective bioconjugation chemistries prolongs the circulation of the agonist in the blood and increases its accumulation in tumour tissue, stimulating innate immune programmes that increased the infiltration of activated natural killer cells and T cells, which potently inhibited the growth of mouse tumours. The technology is modular, as demonstrated by the recombinant integration of a second nanobody domain targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which further increased the accumulation of the agonist in tumours while blocking immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. The bivalent nanobody-STING agonist conjugate stimulated robust antigen-specific T-cell responses and long-lasting immunological memory and conferred enhanced therapeutic efficacy. It was also effective as a neoadjuvant treatment to adoptive T-cell therapy. As a modular approach, hitchhiking STING agonists on serum albumin may serve as a broadly applicable strategy for augmenting the potency of systemically administered cancer immunotherapies.

Indexed as

AlbuminsImmunotherapyMembrane ProteinsNeoplasmsSingle-Domain AntibodiesAnimalsB7-H1 AntigenCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansKiller Cells, NaturalMiceMice, Inbred C57BLSTING ProteinT-LymphocytesAlbuminsB7-H1 AntigenMembrane ProteinsSingle-Domain AntibodiesSTING1 protein, humanSting1 protein, mouseSTING Protein

Identifiers

PMID40500332
PMCPMC12532571

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.