ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2025
Trends in Nonfatal Fentanyl Exposures Involving Stimulants in the United States, 2015-2023.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interpol review of forensic drug chemistry, 2022-2025.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026Review
- An evaluation of N-acetylcysteine in a sequential oxycodone and cocaine rat self-administration model.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Integrated pharmacovigilance of fentanyl: multinational analysis reveals novel safety signals and demographic-specific risk profiles.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionFentanyl-related deaths involving stimulants have increased in the U.S., but little is known about nonfatal overdoses involving use. This study examined national trends in nonfatal fentanyl-related exposures involving co-use of cocaine or methamphetamine.
methodsIn this cross-sectional analysis, data from U.S. poison centers were used to estimate annual trends in reported exposures involving fentanyl and stimulant use from 2015 to 2023. Cases included patients aged ≥13 with exposures involving intentional misuse or "abuse" of fentanyl where nonfatal adverse effects occurred (n=13,173). Co-exposure trends were examined, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate how region and medical outcome severity were associated with (1) fentanyl-cocaine use (versus fentanyl, no cocaine use) and (2) fentanyl-methamphetamine use (versus fentanyl, no methamphetamine use).
resultsBetween 2015 and 2023, among fentanyl-related exposures, cocaine use increased from 1.3% to 10.0% (669.2% increase, p<0.001) and methamphetamine use increased from 1.5% to 10.8% (620.0% increase, p<0.001). Exposures in the Northeast were associated with higher odds of cocaine co-use, while exposures in the Midwest, South, and West were associated with higher odds of methamphetamine co-use. Compared to those with less severe effects, those with a major (life-threatening) effect had higher odds of cocaine co-use, but lower odds of methamphetamine co-use.
conclusionsSimilar to drug-related mortality trends, nonfatal fentanyl poisonings involving co-use of cocaine or methamphetamine increased in recent years and became increasingly widespread. Differences in experience of life-threatening adverse effects linked to different stimulants suggests varying risk according to which stimulant is involved.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.