ArticleNeuron2025
Adaptive reinforcement learning is causally supported by anterior cingulate cortex and striatum.
Article in Neuron, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Human claustrum neurons encode uncertainty and prediction errors during aversive learning.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Cognitive engagement induces area-specific fingerprints of dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, glutamate and GABA in prefrontal cortex and striatum.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Human claustrum neurons encode uncertainty and prediction errors during aversive learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Prefrontal cortex interneurons and their contributions to attention, working memory, and adaptive behavior.Progress in neurobiology · 2026Review
- Inhibitory Control, Shifting, and Working Memory Updating Domains form Cognitive Phenotypes in Non-human Primates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Assessing attentiveness and cognitive engagement across tasks using video-based action understanding in non-human primates.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2025Article
- Neuronal Decoding of Decisions in Multidimensional Feature Space Using a Gated Recurrent Variational Autoencoder.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Reinforcement learning can benefit from adaptive strategies that adjust exploration-exploitation levels, leverage working memory, or guide attention toward relevant information. We tested how the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the striatum support these processes during learning of feature-based attention at varying feature uncertainty and motivational saliency. Brief, gaze-contingent electrical stimulation affected adaptive reinforcement learning in ACC and the striatum at high feature uncertainty, but in opposite ways. ACC stimulation impaired learning, while striatum stimulation improved learning. Modeling showed that ACC stimulation impaired optimizing exploration and use of prediction errors to reduce uncertainty, while striatum stimulation improved the updating of value expectations. These findings were consistent with neuronal selectivity. In ACC, neurons tracked error history and fired more strongly during more uncertain choices, while in the striatum, neurons fired more strongly during more certain, higher-value choices. These results show that the ACC and the striatum optimize the guidance of exploration toward reward-relevant objects during periods of uncertainty.
Indexed as
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40499534What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.