ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2025
Longitudinal associations of depression and diabetes with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias risk among American Indian and Alaska Native peoples.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Incidence and risk factors for AD/ADRD among American Indian and Alaska Native US Veterans.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Risk factors and population attributable fraction for dementia in American Indians: The Strong Heart Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and related health conditions among American Indian and Alaska Native Medicare beneficiaries.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAlzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) research worldwide indicate that it is more common in Indigenous than in non-Indigenous populations. We examined the relationship of depression and diabetes, alone and together, with incident ADRD in a large sample of American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) peoples.
methodsWe examined a sample of 65,801 AIAN peoples aged ≥ 45 years in fiscal year 2007 who were ADRD-free between FY2007-09. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate associations between ADRD risk and baseline depression and diabetes, adjusting for potential confounding variables.
resultsWe found 2.3% received an ADRD diagnosis during FY2010-13. Compared to persons with neither depression nor diabetes, the fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for those aged ≥ 45 years with depression and diabetes was 1.82 (95% CI 1.53-2.16) for ADRD and those with depression only had a hazard ratio of 1.70 (95% CI 1.44-2.00). A significant relationship was not found between diabetes only and ADRD risk. Compared with women without depression, the adjusted risk of ADRD was 50% higher (HR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.30-1.73) for women with depression, while 115% higher (HR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.76-2.61) for men with depression.
conclusionsDepression is associated with a substantially higher risk of ADRD among adult AIAN peoples. This association varies by sex and age, with the strongest association observed among relatively young men. Helpful future efforts include ensuring clinical and behavioral services for AIAN peoples provide regular mental health screening and any needed treatment.
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