ArticleJAMA dermatology2025
Nonlesional Skin and Blood Interferon Scores Among Patients With a History of Cutaneous Lupus.
Article in JAMA dermatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Myeloid infiltration and epidermal dysregulation characterize cutaneous photosensitivity in systemic lupus erythematosus.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Persistent cutaneous lupus erythematosus: A pathway toward systemic disease?Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Cutaneous lupus erythematosus - from pathogenesis to targeted therapy.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- [Lupus erythematosus].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: Interferons (IFNs) play a crucial role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathophysiology and are increased in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) lesions and blood. Recently, IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) have been shown to be expressed in nonlesional skin of patients with SLE, suggesting that the nonlesional skin functions as an immune-activated site. Whether this is the case in all patients with SLE remains to be understood. Objective: To compare nonlesional skin and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) ISG expression in patients with lupus with and without a history of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study at a single-center at a tertiary referral center included patients with a history of cutaneous lupus without SLE (CLEwoSLE), patients with SLE with CLE (SLEwCLE), patients with SLE without CLE (SLEwoCLE), and healthy controls (HCs). All SLE patients met the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria and cutaneous lupus was diagnosed by a dermatologist. Data analysis occurred from January 2024 to May 2025. Main outcomes and measures: ISG expression in PBMCs and nonlesional skin was assessed via calculation of IFN score. Results: Overall, 74 of 101 participants were female individuals (73%), and the median (IQR) age varied between 44 (41-50) and 64 (53-68) years between groups. IFN scores in PBMCs were higher in SLEwCLE compared with patients with SLEwoCLE. Similarly, SLEwCLE patients showed highest levels of IFN scores in nonlesional skin. IFN scores in PBMCs and nonlesional skin were strongly correlated (r = 0.83, P < .001). Conclusion and relevance: This cross-sectional study found that ISGs, as represented by IFN scores, in nonlesional skin and PBMCs were elevated in patients with lupus with a history of CLE compared with patients without CLE, suggesting that patients with lupus with and without CLE comprise 2 endotypes, with stronger IFN dysregulation occurring in patients with CLE.
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