Purification of Type IV and Type VI Lipoteichoic Acids from Gram-Positive Mucosal Pathogens via a Two-Step Hot Water-Phenol/Triethylammonium Acetate Extraction Method.

Jolene M Garber, Harald Nothaft, Christine M Szymanski, Cory Q Wenzel

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Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jolene M GarberVaxAlta Inc. and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Harald NothaftVaxAlta Inc. and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Christine M SzymanskiVaxAlta Inc. and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Cory Q WenzelVaxAlta Inc. and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type IV and Type VI lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) are found on the surface of Gram-positive mucosal pathogens. There is interest to purify, characterize, and evaluate these compounds as vaccine candidates. In traditional hot water-phenol extractions, Type IV and VI LTAs are found almost exclusively in the phenol fraction, and, due to the lengthy removal process, prolonged exposure to phenol can degrade them. Here we describe an efficient and time-saving new method to rapidly separate these LTAs from phenol through the addition of triethylammonium acetate (TEAA), and we present a continuous flow dialysis arrangement to rapidly remove excess phenol. We demonstrate the efficacy of this protocol through silver staining and immunoblotting of Type IV LTA from Streptococcus pneumoniae and Type VI LTA from Clostridium perfringens.

Indexed as

Gram-Positive BacteriaLipopolysaccharidesPhenolTeichoic AcidsClostridium perfringensStreptococcus pneumoniaeWaterLipopolysaccharideslipoteichoic acidPhenolTeichoic AcidsWaterExtractionGram–positiveLipoteichoic acidsPurification

Identifiers

PMID40498311

DOI10.1093/glycob/cwv091

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.