ArticleOncology and therapy2025
Impact of Tumor Response and Response Duration on Survival Among Participants Receiving Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
Article in Oncology and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Study of Platinum+Pemetrexed Chemotherapy With or Without Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in First Line Metastatic Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Subjects (KEYNOTE-189)
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Study of Carboplatin-Paclitaxel/Nab-Paclitaxel Chemotherapy With or Without Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in First Line Metastatic Squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Subjects (KEYNOTE-407)
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionResponse Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) is the primary tool for assessing tumor response in solid tumors. Immunotherapy elicits unique response patterns, and assessment of their contribution to overall survival (OS) is of interest. We evaluated tumor size changes (TSC) for association with OS, evaluated whether deeper response had greater association with OS than the 30% RECIST cutoff, and quantified the contribution of objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DOR) to OS benefit using data from KEYNOTE-189 and KEYNOTE-407 examining first-line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
methodsAssociations between early TSC (percentage change from baseline in sum of target lesion diameters) and OS were evaluated using recursive partitioning analyses, C-index, and time-varying receiver operating characteristic curve. Deeper response and OS associations were assessed in sensitivity analyses. Contribution of TSC, ORR, and DOR to the OS benefit of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy (versus chemotherapy) was quantified with a proportion of treatment effect analysis. Data cutoff was May 2019.
resultsIn total, 1175 participants were included (KEYNOTE-189, n = 616; KEYNOTE-407, n = 559). At week 12, -30% TSC had a greater association with OS than other cutoffs, which was similar to week 12 ORR. Deeper response did not have greater association with OS than the 30% RECIST cutoff. For pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy in KEYNOTE-189, the proportion of treatment effect on OS benefit for DOR coupled with ORR was higher than ORR alone (0.57 versus 0.36) or an alternative TSC cutoff (0.57 versus 0.08 for -10%, 0.09 for -20%, and 0.20 for -30%), with similar results in KEYNOTE-407 for DOR and ORR versus ORR alone (0.92 versus 0.61) or an alternative TSC cutoff (0.92 versus 0.36, 0.43, and 0.40, respectively).
conclusionsThese ad hoc exploratory analyses suggest that RECIST remains a valid assessment for metastatic NSCLC treated with immunotherapy plus chemotherapy. Early responses per RECIST criteria predicted improved OS.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02578680, NCT02775435.
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