Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40498273›Full record

ArticleImmunologic research2025

Staphylococcus aureus α-hemolysin induces DNA methylation changes in human Th1 cells.

Iwona Karwaciak, Joanna Pastwińska, Anna Sałkowska, Kaja Karaś, Marta Sobalska-Kwapis, Jarosław Dastych, Marcin Ratajewski

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Immunologic research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Research progress on T-cell responses inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Iwona Karwaciak *Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, Lodz, 93-232, Poland.
Joanna Pastwińska *Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, Lodz, 93-232, Poland.
Anna SałkowskaLaboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, Lodz, 93-232, Poland.
Kaja KaraśLaboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, Lodz, 93-232, Poland.
Marta Sobalska-KwapisCentre for Digital Biology and Biomedical Science - Biobank Lodz®, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, 91-402, Poland.
Jarosław DastychLaboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, Lodz, 93-232, Poland.
Marcin RatajewskiLaboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, Lodz, 93-232, Poland. mratajewski@cbm.pan.pl.

Funding

Narodowe Centrum Nauki 2020/37/B/NZ5/01029
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

α-Hemolysin is one of the most dangerous virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Among the immune cells that respond to this pathogenic bacterium, Th1 lymphocytes play a critical role. In our study, we investigated the impact of α-hemolysin on the methylation of the Th1 cell genome. Our findings revealed that α-hemolysin upregulates HELLS and DNMT3A expression while downregulating DNMT3L expression at the protein level. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis revealed significant alterations in DNA methylation, particularly in regions outside CpG sequences. These results suggest that bacterial proteins can act as potent epigenetic modulators in human cells, influencing their activity, plasticity, and phenotype.

Indexed as

Bacterial ToxinsDNA MethylationHemolysin ProteinsStaphylococcal InfectionsStaphylococcus aureusTh1 CellsCells, CulturedCpG IslandsDNA (Cytosine-5-)-MethyltransferasesDNA Methyltransferase 3AEpigenesis, GeneticHumansBacterial ToxinsDNA (Cytosine-5-)-MethyltransferasesDNA Methyltransferase 3ADNMT3A protein, humanHemolysin Proteinsstaphylococcal alpha-toxinDNA methylationStaphylococcus aureusTh1α-Hemolysin

Identifiers

PMID40498273
PMCPMC12159126

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.