SynthesisSleep2025
Socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in sleep and cognitive and academic functioning across childhood and adolescence: a meta-analytic review.
Synthesis in Sleep, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Sleep duration and tiredness at school from childhood to adolescence: repeated surveys over 10 years in Swedish schoolchildren.Journal of research in nursing : JRN · 2026Article
- Sleep Duration Among US Adolescents, 1991-2023.Pediatrics · 2026Article
- Non-immersive virtual reality games, sleep, and sedentary behavior in children.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesYouth from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds and minoritized racial/ethnic groups face a greater risk for sleep disparities and poor cognitive/academic outcomes compared to their peers from higher socioeconomic status (SES) and majority racial/ethnic groups. This meta-analysis has two main objectives. First, it examined SES and racial/ethnic variables as moderators of the association between individual sleep parameters (i.e. objective duration, objective quality, subjective duration, subjective quality, schedule/chronobiology, and variability/consistency) and overall (i.e. combined assessment) cognitive/academic outcomes (e.g. memory, GPA). Second, it assessed sleep parameters and outcome domains as moderators of the association between sleep broadly (i.e. no distinction between various sleep parameters) and overall cognitive/academic outcomes to test whether the magnitude of the association varied across specific sleep parameters and outcome domains.
methodsThirty-three studies comprising 410 effect sizes and 52 854 participants were included. The meta-analysis was conducted per best practices.
resultsFor sleep and cognitive functioning, the overall weighted effect was r = 0.11, 95% CI [0.08, 0.14], p < .001. Several significant differential associations between various sleep parameters and cognitive functioning emerged, showing that some parameters were stronger predictors. Academic performance yielded similar results, with an overall weighted effect size of r = 0.14, 95% CI [0.10, 0.17], p < .001. SES and race/ethnicity also modified relations between certain sleep parameters and cognitive/academic functioning.
conclusionsThe findings provide evidence for SES and race/ethnicity-related disparities, highlighting areas requiring further investigation. The discussion addresses methodological limitations in studying SES and race/ethnicity in relation to sleep and offers future research directions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.