ArticlePublic health challenges2024
Long covid and mental and physical health: A cross-sectional study of adults in California.
Article in Public health challenges, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characteristics Associated with Mental and Physical Health Among US Adults with Long COVID.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Differences in Long COVID severity by duration of illness, symptom evolution, and vaccination: a longitudinal cohort study from the INSPIRE group.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Long covid and mental and physical health: A cross-sectional study of adults in California.Public health challenges · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Most people recover from COVID-19 infection over a short period of time, but a minority of individuals experience symptoms over a longer duration (≥28 days), termed "long covid." The purpose of the current study was to examine differences between individuals with a long covid diagnosis (i.e., diagnosed long covid), who believe they do or might have long covid (i.e., self-reported long covid), and people without long covid. Methods: Adults who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 completed survey questions about COVID-19 history, long covid, and mental and physical health. Analysis of covariance models showed an effect of long covid group (i.e., diagnosed, self-reported, and no long covid) with anxiety, depression, physical function, fatigue, social roles/activity limitations, and pain interference. Results: Analyses demonstrated that the self-reported long covid group had significantly greater anxiety and depression than the no long covid group. The diagnosed long covid group had significantly greater physical function problems than the no long covid group. Both diagnosed and self-reported long covid groups had significantly greater fatigue, social roles/activity limitations, and pain interference as compared to the no long covid group. Conclusion: Overall, physical health challenges were reported by individuals with long covid, with fatigue being the most significant symptom. In addition, negative mental health was only experienced by individuals with self-reported long covid, suggesting the importance of long covid diagnosis and treatment.
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Registered trials
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