ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Exosomes and immune modulation: implications for neuroblastoma immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Evaluation of the Individual Effects of Melatonin and Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes on Cell Viability and Apoptosis in BE(2)-C Neuroblastoma Cells In Vitro.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Review
- The neuro-vascular-immune triad: the interactive network in the tumor microenvironment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Exosomes serve as natural nanocarriers targeting cancer stem cells to advance precision oncology.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Decoding the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma: new insights into checkpoints, vaccines, and CAR-T cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Cancer Stem Cells Decide the Fate of Cancer Immunotherapy by Remodeling Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles involved in cell homeostasis. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) promote tumor progression by creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), inhibiting T and NK cell activity, preventing dendritic cell maturation, and expanding immunosuppressive cell populations. Cancer Stem Cell (CSC)-derived exosomes further trigger functional changes in immune cells subsets, enhancing immune suppression. Consequently, blocking the release or the uptake of TDEs significantly impact immunotherapy efficacy, making them potential therapeutic targets. On the other hand, NK cell-derived exosomes can be engineered to carry immune-activating molecules or inhibitors of immune checkpoint molecules to elicit immune responses. This review highlights the interplay between TDEs and immune cells, particularly NK cells, in different tumors, with a focus on neuroblastoma, and explores exosome-based strategies to improve immunotherapy efficacy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.