ReviewEcancermedicalscience2025
Nigeria's 6-year (2018-2023) stage distribution of breast cancer at diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Ecancermedicalscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- "…it is not the sickness itself that kills. It is the emotional trauma": a qualitative study of the lived experience and systemic barriers of women with breast cancer in Nigeria.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Co-producing a media campaign intervention to encourage Nigeria women's engagement in early presentation to breast cancer screening: a qualitative study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Nigeria has implemented various interventions to reduce late-stage breast cancer (BC) diagnosis in recent decades. This meta-analysis assessed the impact of these efforts by examining recent BC stage distribution data. Methods: A systematic review adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines was conducted. PubMed was searched for studies on BC in Nigeria from 2018 to 2023 and additional articles were identified through hand searching and snowballing in African Journal Online, Google Scholar and ResearchGate. Data on patient demographics, time to diagnosis at tertiary center and stage distribution were extracted and meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. A simple comparison with historical data of 2000-2018 was conducted. Results: Eleven articles reported the stage distribution of 1,647 BC patients. Overall analysis of the recent stage distribution showed a slight decrease in stages I, II and IV and an increase in stage III. However, these changes were accompanied by wider confidence intervals: 6% 95% confidence intervals (95% CI 0-15), 17% (6%-29%), 56 (95% CI 38-68) and 21 (9-34) were stages I-IV, respectively, compared to 8% (95% CI 3-13), 21% (14%-28%), 44 (95% CI 33-51) and 29 (21-37) in the historical data. The sensitivity analysis, using a two-stage classification as ('early' or 'late' disease), strongly indicated a trend towards more advanced-stage (82% CI 79-85) disease in the recent analysis. Conclusion: Advanced-stage BC remains prevalent in Nigeria. A comprehensive evaluation of current BC control strategies is needed to identify barriers and develop effective interventions for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.