Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40495006›Full record

ArticleNature computational science2025

Memory kernel minimization-based neural networks for discovering slow collective variables of biomolecular dynamics.

Bojun Liu, Siqin Cao, Jordan G Boysen, Mingyi Xue, Xuhui Huang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature computational science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. AI-Physics-Experiment Trinity for Integrated Protein Dynamics Modeling.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Bojun Liu *Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Siqin Cao *Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Jordan G BoysenDepartment of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Mingyi XueDepartment of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Xuhui HuangDepartment of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. xhuang@chem.wisc.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-7119-9358

Funding

Theory and Modeling of Functional Conformational Changes of RNA Polymerases_Diversity SupplementR01GM147652 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Xuhui Huang · 2023 to 2026
$1.5M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM147652University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) Hirschfelder Professorship FundU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) R01GM147652
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Identifying collective variables (CVs) that accurately capture the slowest timescales of protein conformational changes is crucial to comprehend numerous biological processes. Here we introduce memory kernel minimization-based neural networks (MEMnets), a deep learning framework that accurately identifies the slow CVs of biomolecular dynamics. Unlike popular CV-identification methods, which typically assume Markovian dynamics, MEMnets is built on the integrative generalized master equation theory, which incorporates non-Markovian dynamics by encoding them in a memory kernel for continuous CVs. The key innovation of MEMnets is the identification of optimal CVs by minimizing the upper bound for the time-integrated memory kernels through parallel encoder networks. We demonstrate that MEMnets effectively identifies slow CVs involved in the folding of the FIP35 WW domain, revealing two parallel folding pathways. In addition, we illustrate MEMnets' robust numerical stability in identifying meaningful CVs in large biomolecular dynamic systems with limited sampling by applying it to the clamp opening of bacterial RNA polymerase, a much more complex conformational change.

Indexed as

Molecular Dynamics SimulationNeural Networks, ComputerProteinsAlgorithmsDeep LearningDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesProtein ConformationProtein FoldingDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesProteins

Identifiers

PMID40495006
PMCPMC12286716

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.