ArticleJournal of neurology2025
The impact of autoimmune comorbidities on the onset attack recovery in adults with AQP4-NMOSD and MOGAD.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recognition and management of acute relapse of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Review
- A novel limited-dose C5 inhibitor add-on as rescue therapy for refractory NMOSD attacks: a practical alternative to conventional multi-dose regimens.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Myelitis-Predominant Aggressive Phenotype: Unveiling Unique Patterns of Late-Onset Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Comparison of clinical and laboratory characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without anti-connective tissue antibodies: an 18-month cohort follow-up.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Germany: A claims data analysis of incidence, prevalence, treatment patterns, and diagnostic overlap with multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAquaporin-4 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD) often coexists with other autoimmune diseases (AIDs), whereas such comorbidities are less common in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD). This study investigates the impact of additional AIDs on early relapse recovery and disability in patients with AQP4-NMOSD and MOGAD.
methodsThis retrospective study included patients aged > 16 years with AQP4-NMOSD (n = 175) or MOGAD (n = 221), who were followed at a nationally commissioned Oxford service and categorized based on the presence of at least one AID. Outcomes included recovery from the onset attack, visual recovery after the first optic neuritis (ON) attack (≥ 6 months post attack), time to first relapse and time to death. Incomplete visual recovery was defined as visual acuity worse than LogMAR 0.1. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessed retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer volume in a subset.
resultsIn the AQP4-NMOSD cohort, 28% (n = 49) had at least one AID, compared to 11.3% (n = 25) in the MOGAD cohort (p < 0.001), with thyroid disease constituting the majority of these cases in both groups. In MOGAD, the median age of first attack was significantly higher in the AID group (46 years; IQR: 35-56) than in the non-AID group (35 years; IQR: 28-47) (p = 0.004), a difference that was not observed in the AQP4-NMOSD cohort. In both the AQP4-NMOSD (n = 175) and the MOGAD (n = 221) cohorts, age was a significant predictor of outcome in univariate analyses (AQP4-NMOSD: OR = 0.96 per year, 95% CI: 0.94-0.98, p < 0.001; MOGAD: OR = 0.97 per year, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99, p = 0.008). No significant differences were observed in clinical or visual recovery rates between AID and non-AID patients in either cohort. There were no statistically significant differences observed between AID and non-AID cohorts for clinical or visual recovery outcomes. Similarly, AID status did not influence time to relapse (AQP4-NMOSD: HR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.63-1.58, p = 0.99; MOGAD: HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.40-1.52, p = 0.47) or time to death (AQP4-NMOSD: HR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.18-1.36, p = 0.28). OCT analysis revealed no significant differences in retinal parameters between AID and non-AID groups in both cohorts.
conclusionsAdditional autoimmune diseases are unlikely to significantly affect clinical or visual outcomes in early attacks in patients with AQP4-NMOSD and MOGAD.
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