ArticleNature protocols2025
The design, manufacture and LNP formulation of mRNA for research use.
Article in Nature protocols, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of mRNA vaccines against herpes zoster.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Article
- Systemically delivered mRNA-LNPs transfect primary and secondary liver tumors.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Enhancing pulp regeneration through metabolic reprogramming of mature dental pulp stem cells mediated by GLUT1/HK2 mRNA delivery.International journal of oral science · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Reactogenicity Marks an Innate Inflammatory Response Associated With HLA Variation and Enhanced Protection.Research square · 2026Article
- Delivery of monoclonal antibodies using mRNA lipid nanoparticles confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Delivery of mRNA Therapeutics Beyond Infectious Diseases: Design Innovations and Applications in Oncology, Cardiovascular, and Rare Genetic Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- mRNA vaccines for HBV: Mechanisms, preclinical advances, and therapeutic clinical progress.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- A Precision-Engineered DC-Targeting mRNA-LNP Neoantigen Vaccine Elicits Stronger T Cell Responses and Exhibits Superior Tumor Control.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Advanced Drug Delivery Strategies for Overcoming Biological Barriers: Tumor Microenvironment and Blood-Brain Barrier.Drugs in R&D · 2026Review
- BRRIAR lncRNA alters breast cancer risk by modulating interferon signaling in cis and in trans.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- An HLA Association With COVID-19 Vaccine Reactogenicity Correlates With Fewer SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Monocyte Activation.Research square · 2025Article
- Mind the cap: Detecting degradation impurities in synthetic mRNAs.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Enhancement of anti-sarcoma immunity by NK cells engineered with mRNA for expression of a EphA2-targeted CAR.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The delivery of mRNA provides a versatile platform to achieve rapid and robust protein expression within cells. mRNA delivery has therefore been widely adopted in research, and mRNA medicines are now being developed to treat a range of diseases. However, high-quality mRNA must be produced to ensure the safety, performance and effectiveness of these medicines. Here, we provide a validated, end-to-end protocol describing the production of mRNA for research and preclinical use. This protocol includes primary sequence design, DNA template production, mRNA synthesis by in vitro transcription, formulation into lipid nanoparticles and transfection into cultured cells. Each step is supported by a range of quality control tests to analyze mRNA integrity and purity and is illustrated with example results to provide information about expected performance. The protocol prioritizes simple production steps that are suitable for small-scale mRNA manufacture, such as PCR preparation of the DNA template, and that can be performed within a laboratory and avoid specialized equipment. The protocol produces high-quality mRNA that can be used for in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, including for vaccine, protein and gene- and cell-therapy applications. Together, this provides a fast and reliable protocol to produce high-quality mRNA suitable for laboratory research and preclinical development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40494942What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.