Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40494395›Full record

ArticleBiology letters2025

A bacterial toxin-antitoxin system as a native defence element against RNA phages.

Nela Nikolic, Maroš Pleška, Tobias Bergmiller, Călin C Guet

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biology letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Comparative Analyses Suggest Genome Stability and Plasticity inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nela NikolicInstitute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-9068-6090
Maroš PleškaThe Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7460-7479
Tobias BergmillerFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5396-4346
Călin C GuetInstitute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-6220-2052

Funding

Austrian Science FundFP7 People: Marie-Curie ActionsSimons FoundationWellcome TrustWellcome Trust WT105618MA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacteria have evolved a wide range of defence strategies to protect themselves against bacterial viruses (phages). Most known bacterial antiphage defence systems target phages with DNA genomes, which raises the question of how bacteria defend against phages with RNA genomes. Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems that cleave intracellular RNA could potentially protect bacteria against RNA phages, but this has not been explored experimentally. In this study, we investigated the role of a model toxin-antitoxin system, MazEF, in protecting

Indexed as

Bacterial ToxinsDNA-Binding ProteinsEscherichia coliEscherichia coli ProteinsRNA PhagesToxin-Antitoxin SystemsEndoribonucleasesBacterial ToxinsDNA-Binding ProteinsEndoribonucleasesEscherichia coli ProteinsMazF protein, E coliantiphage defencebacteria–phage interactionsEscherichia coliphenotypic heterogeneityRNA phagetoxin–antitoxin system

Identifiers

PMID40494395
PMCPMC12151602

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.