ArticleJCO oncology practice2026
Representation of Women, Older Adults, and Racial and Ethnic Minoritized Patients in Pivotal Trials for US Food and Drug Administration Novel Oncology Therapeutic Approvals, 2012-2021: Bright Spot Trials and Trends Over Time.
Article in JCO oncology practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo examine trends over time in clinical trial diversity for oncology therapeutics, identify bright spot trials adequately representing Black or Latino patients, and examine their associations with trial characteristics.
methodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study of trials supporting US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oncology therapeutic approvals (2012-2021) compared proportions of enrolled women, older adults, and racial and ethnic minoritized patients with US patient populations with approved indications and US census data, exploring trends over time. We estimated the likelihood that an organization sponsoring a trial adequately representing Black patients also sponsored a trial adequately representing Latino patients, and vice versa, and examined associations of bright spot trials, trials adequately representing Black or Latino patients, with trial characteristics.
resultsThe FDA approved 111 oncology therapeutics (2012-2021) from 70 sponsors, on 121 trials enrolling 50,871 patients, of which 22,155 (44%) were women, 9,442 (19%) older adults (>64 years), 5,319 (9.6%) Asian, 1,353 (3%) Black, and 1,511 (3%) Latino. Zero trials adequately represented all patient demographics with no improvements for any group over the past 10 years (
conclusionDiverse trial enrollment is inadequate, without improvement over time. There are bright spot trials that may merit study for factors contributing to their successful recruitment of representative patients.
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Registered trials
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