Review on the identification of sheep breeding objectives, breeding practices and selection criteria among smallholder farmers in Ethiopia.

The purpose of this review was to provide and synthesizes scientific knowledge on sheep breeding objectives, practices, and selection criteria among smallholder farmers in Ethiopia, emphasizing the crucial role of indigenous sheep breeds in Ethiopia's agricultural system. Indigenous sheep not only contribute significantly to food security but also play a vital role in the cultural and economic stability of rural communities. Despite their importance, traditional breeding methods often lack integration with modern scientific advancements, hindering productivity and sustainability. To address these challenges, the review emphasizes the need to combine traditional knowledge with modern genetic techniques, particularly through community-based breeding programs. These programs adoptive collaboration between farmers and technical experts, prioritizing economically significant traits aligned with market demands while respecting local practices. Systematic collection and analysis of genetic and phenotypic data are essential to enhance breeding strategies, ensuring genetic improvement and sustainability. A multifaceted approach that integrates traditional practices with scientific advancements is vital for the sustainable development of Ethiopia's sheep sector, ultimately strengthening food security and improving the livelihoods of smallholder farmers.