ArticleAnnals of botany2025
Diversity of flower structure and development correlates with inflorescence morphology in maples (Acer, Sapindaceae, Sapindales).
Article in Annals of botany, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Meristem size drives merism lability in the Hexandrum group, a highly variable lineage of Solanum (Solanaceae).Journal of plant research · 2026Article
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsAcer, one of the largest genera of Sapindaceae, is well known for its diverse inflorescence and flower morphologies. Structural diversity of maples makes this genus a wonderful model to explore morphogenetic interaction between inflorescence and flower construction.
methodsWe investigated the development and structure of inflorescences and flowers using scanning electron microscopy in ten species of Acer from nine (of 17) sections. Observations are interpreted in the framework of molecular phylogenies. KEY
resultsInflorescences are represented by panicles, thyrsoids, botryoids and sciadioids. The evolutionary transition from thyrsoids or panicles to racemose inflorescences resulted in the loss of floral prophylls, another sequence of floral organ initiation and often the acquisition of a new flower groundplan. The main structural transformations are changes in the floral merism and the number of stamens caused by changes in the shape and size of the floral meristem. The order of sepal initiation, the position of the median sepal and flower orientation are largely related to mechanical pressures within the floral bud associated with variations in the inflorescence construction. The gynoecium position is also variable. In species with thyrsoids or panicles, the carpel position depends on the first sepal position or on the flower position within the inflorescence. In species with racemose inflorescences, the gynoecium is always inserted in the transverse plane.
conclusionsThe evolutionary transition from branched to racemose inflorescences was followed by changes in the geometry of the floral meristem and ultimately resulted in considerable changes in flower construction and development. The presence of floral prophylls and their developmental dynamics are labile among species of Acer. Inflorescence construction represents not only an important taxonomic marker but also a key feature that probably defines the diversity of floral construction and development in Acer and Sapindaceae as a whole.
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