ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2025
Sustained excess all-cause mortality post COVID-19 in 21 countries: an ecological investigation.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trends and widening inequities in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic involvement in cardiovascular mortality: A national spatiotemporal analysis, 2014-2023.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- Shifting to online and telephone bereavement support provision during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed methods study of bereavement service provider perspectives and lessons learnt for current practice.Palliative medicine · 2026Article
- Paid and unpaid productivity losses across 28 European countries due to excess deaths and COVID-19 deaths from 2020 to 2023.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Editorial: Recently Identified Global Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality and Modifiable Cancer Risk Factors.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Excess life-years and productive life-years lost in Poland through the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic years.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Deaths of female sex workers and sexually exploited adolescent girls during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Results of a cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Associations of weight-derived markers with mortality in patients with Corona virus disease 2019: evidence from hospitals and patients.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Beyond death counts: how COVID-19 affected excess mortality and productive life-years lost across 28 European states, 2020-2023.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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42 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite widespread vaccination efforts, significant excess mortality continued in various countries following the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to estimate excess mortality during 2022 in 21 countries and regions, and to examine the relationship of governmental control measures and vaccination rates with excess mortality during 2021-2 at an ecological level.
methodsExcess mortality for 2022 was estimated by analysing weekly mortality data from January 2020 to December 2022 across 21 countries and regions participating in the C-MOR consortium. This was achieved by comparing the observed age-standardized mortality rates per 100 000 population to a baseline derived from historical data (2015-19). Governmental control measures and vaccination efforts were investigated for their association with weekly excess mortality during 2021-2 in multilevel models with country as a random effect.
resultsAll 21 countries experienced excess mortality in 2022, ranging from 8.6 (Peru) to 116.2 (Georgia) per 100 000 population, noting that rates were not directly comparable across countries. Many countries had higher excess mortality in 2022 compared with previous years. Mauritius showed a significant excess mortality for the first time in 2022. The proportion of COVID-19 deaths relative to total deaths decreased in 2022 for most countries, except Australia. Governmental control measures and vaccinations were associated with reduced excess mortality in 2021 and 2022, respectively.
conclusionThe study reveals sustained excess mortality throughout 2022. Excess deaths were mainly non-COVID-19-related, likely due to displaced mortality or to broader long-term impacts of the pandemic response. Governmental control policies and vaccination efforts were associated with lower excess mortality. These findings provide critical insights into pandemic mortality dynamics and emphasize the need for continued vigilance and adaptive public health strategies.
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