Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40491954›Full record

ArticleCurrent developments in nutrition2025

Estimating the Impact on Parents' Infant Feeding Choices of Increasing Age Guidance and Adding Sugar Warning Labels to Commercial Infant Foods: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Rana E Conway, Ivonne Derks, Florence Sheen, Andrew Steptoe, Clare H Llewellyn

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current developments in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rana E ConwayResearch Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Ivonne DerksResearch Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Florence SheenResearch Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Andrew SteptoeResearch Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Clare H LlewellynResearch Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Minimum age guidance on commercial infant food (CIF) does not always align with government advice. Despite marketing suggesting that CIF is healthy, many are high in sugar. Objectives: To estimate the impact on parents' feeding choices of increasing age guidance on CIF and adding sugar warning labels (SWLs), including differential impact according to socioeconomic position. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods study was conducted with parents or main caregivers of children aged 6-23-mo in the United Kingdom. In an online quantitative survey, participants ( Results: Similar numbers of participants selected products labeled "6-mo+" (84.5%) or "4-mo+" (88.0%, Conclusions: Results suggest that the mandatory use of minimum age guidance and SWLs on CIF could provide parents with agency and shift feeding behaviors toward closer alignment with recommendations. Importantly, the impact of these label changes appears socioeconomically equitable, and they are supported by parents.

Indexed as

food labelingfood policyinfant foodsparentsweaning

Identifiers

PMID40491954
PMCPMC12147840

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.