ArticleExploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy2025
Impact of switching from neutral protamine hagedorn insulin (NPH) to glargine insulin on glycemic control and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes.
Article in Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Treatment of type 1 diabetes requires insulin therapy, and various types of insulin can be used. Insulin glargine has been shown to provide effective glycemic control with reduced hypoglycemia. However, there are no prior studies investigating the effects of switching from neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin to glargine insulin in Sudan, due to limited use of glargine insulin and funding constraints. Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of switching from NPH insulin to glargine insulin on glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes, and to identify factors precipitating the switch. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 221 children (aged 1-19 years) with type 1 diabetes who switched from NPH insulin to glargine insulin at Mohamed Alamin Hamid Pediatric Hospital. Simple random sampling was used to select participants. Results: Of the 221 participants, 83 (37.5 %) switched to glargine insulin, 60 (27.1 %) continued on NPH insulin, and 78 (32.5 %) started on glargine from the beginning. Switching to glargine insulin was associated with a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c ( Conclusion: Switching from NPH to glargine insulin among Sudanese pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes offer significant benefits in glycemic control, as reflected by improved HbA1c and FBG levels. Additionally, insulin dose and weight increased, contributing to enhanced overall health and blood glucose management. Hypoglycemia was a major reason for switching.
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