Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40491687›Full record

ArticleBioactive materials2025

Pretreated exosomes by electrical stimulation accelerate bone regeneration.

Jialu Chen, Jian Chen, Jiahao Chen, Renjie Lu, Ziyuan Liu, Yang Zhang, Chi Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioactive materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

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  6. FeBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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  8. Altered Erythrocyte Function via TLR9-ox-mtDNA Binding Links Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage to Systemic Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jialu ChenDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200236, China.
Jian ChenDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
Jiahao ChenDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200236, China.
Renjie LuDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200236, China.
Ziyuan LiuNanomedicine and Intestinal Microecology Research Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Yang ZhangNanomedicine and Intestinal Microecology Research Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Chi ZhangDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering has attracted significant attention from both the research and clinical communities. Inspired by the inherent bioelectric properties of bone tissue, electrical stimulation is widely recognized as an external intervention that can induce osteogenesis, mineralization, and accelerate bone regeneration. However, the clinical application of electrical stimulation is limited by the complexity of the procedures and the use of cumbersome, invasive equipment. Exosomes, as an alternative to seed cells, can overcome many of the limitations associated with stem cell transplantation. Researchers aim to enhance exosomes' therapeutic potential for bone regeneration. While various pretreatments have been studied, there is currently no research investigating the role of exosomes pretreated with electrical stimulation in bone tissue regeneration. In this study, we pretreated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with electrical stimulation and isolated the resulting exosomes (Elec-exo). A series of in vitro experiments determined that 150 μA is the optimal condition for electrical stimulation. Mechanistically, proteomic analysis revealed an enrichment of proteins involved in "Oxidative Phosphorylation" regulation within Elec-exo, and transcriptomic analysis indicated the activation of Pl3k-Akt and MAPK bone formation-related signaling pathways in the effector cells. Hydrogels, as a sustained-release scaffold, were used to deliver Elec-exo in vivo. In a rat femur defect model, Elec-exo loaded into chondroitin sulfate methacrylate (CSMA) hydrogel accelerated early bone tissue regeneration. In summary, our study explores the mechanisms by which electrical stimulation pretreatment enhances bone tissue regeneration and broadens the therapeutic application of exosomes in accelerating bone regeneration.

Indexed as

Bone regenerationBone tissue engineeringElectrical stimulationExosomePretreated

Identifiers

PMID40491687
PMCPMC12148642

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.