ArticleFrontiers in genetics2025
Genetic association of ACE2 rs2285666 (C>T) and rs2106809 (A>G) and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among the Ghanaian population.
Article in Frontiers in genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Baseline Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Asymptomatic Individuals From West Africa With and WithoutOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Structural Basis and Inhibitor Development of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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30 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), enters human cells using the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor. ACE2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can influence susceptibility by affecting viral binding or gene expression. This study investigated the association between ACE2 SNPs, rs2285666 and rs2106809, and the SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility in a Ghanaian population. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted, using a magnetic bead-based method, from blood samples of a random-subset of 1,334 participants drawn from a two-stage cluster, population-based household cross-sectional SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence survey. Data collected included, socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, vaccination, and smoking status. Genotyping of the ACE2 SNPs was performed using Allele-Specific Oligonucleotide Polymerase Chain Reaction (ASO-PCR) combined with melting curve analysis. Logistic regression models were utilized to assess the association between the ACE2 SNPs and the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: The median age of participants was 33 [Interquartile range (IQR) = 24-46] years. Females accounted for the majority of the sampled population, 64.3%. SARS-CoV-2-IgG seropositivity was (58.4%, 95%CI: 52.6%-64.2%) among the male population and (54.1%, 95%CI: 49.54%-58.61%) in the female population. There were no significant differences in overall allele or genotype frequencies of ACE2 SNPs between SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositive and seronegative individuals for both females and males. Among females, those with the T allele of ACE2 rs2285666 had a 38% decreased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection under the dominant [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.62; 95%CI = 0.45-0.85, P = 0.003] and heterozygous advantage models (aOR = 0.62; 95%CI = 0.45-0.86, P = 0.004), after adjusting for confounders, but not thee recessive model (aOR = 0.41; 95%CI = 0.03-5.22, P = 0.490). No significant association was observed among males. Overall, the ACE2 rs2106809 was not associated with the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in both males and females. Conclusion: This study found no association between ACE2 rs2106809 genetic variant and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, whilst the rs2285666 T-allele was associated with a decreased frequency for SARS-CoV-2 infection among Ghanaian females. These findings enhance our understanding of genetic factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, which could help identify at-risk populations and inform more targeted public health interventions in future outbreaks.
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