Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40491545›Full record

ArticlePEC innovation2025

Empathy training via Kalamazoo Consensus in remote and in-person medical communication: A randomized controlled trial.

Giovan Battista Previti, Carlo Mazzatenta, Tommaso Bellandi, Francesco Niccolai, Dario Nieri, Valentina Ungaretti, Irene Cavasini, Alessandra Mazzoni, Stefano Maiorano, Luca Di Paolo and 7 more

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Article in PEC innovation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Giovan Battista PrevitiNorth-West Healthcare Public Body, Tuscany, Italy.
Carlo MazzatentaNorth-West Healthcare Public Body, Tuscany, Italy.
Tommaso BellandiNorth-West Healthcare Public Body, Tuscany, Italy.
Francesco NiccolaiNorth-West Healthcare Public Body, Tuscany, Italy.
Dario NieriKalamazoo Consensus Statement, Italy.
Valentina UngarettiKalamazoo Consensus Statement, Italy.
Irene CavasiniNorth-West Healthcare Public Body, Tuscany, Italy.
Alessandra MazzoniNorth-West Healthcare Public Body, Tuscany, Italy.
Stefano MaioranoNorth-West Healthcare Public Body, Tuscany, Italy.
Luca Di PaoloNorth-West Healthcare Public Body, Tuscany, Italy.
Veronica D'EliaNorth-West Healthcare Public Body, Tuscany, Italy.
Monica TorreNorth-West Healthcare Public Body, Tuscany, Italy.
Licia MatteucciNorth-West Healthcare Public Body, Tuscany, Italy.
Guido MiccinesiKalamazoo Consensus Statement, Italy.
Moreno MarcucciNorth-West Healthcare Public Body, Tuscany, Italy.
Michela MaielliTuscany Regional Government, Tuscany, Italy.
Sergio ArdisNorth-West Healthcare Public Body, Tuscany, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Empathy is crucial in healthcare, facilitating effective communication and improving patient outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of tele-conference training based on the Kalamazoo Consensus Statement (KCS) on the empathy scores of newly hired physicians in a tele-visit simulation course. Methods: From September 2021 to April 2022, we conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 129 medical doctors from 13 hospitals in north-western Tuscany, with an age range of 31 to 42 years. Partecipants were randomly assigned to a trained group (TG) or a control group (CG). Both groups completed the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) and the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES) before (T0) and after (T1) the training. The TG underwent a 12-h online communication training course. The CG only completed the questionnaires without further intervention. Results: Total sample Conclusions: The tele-conference training effectively improved empathy scores among newly hired physicians. We recommend the implementation of KCS-based training to enhance empathy and communication skills in medical practice. Innovation: The pandemic has accelerated the use of tele-education and telemedicine, though opinions on their effectiveness remain divided. However, studies show that empathy can be enhanced through interactive online training, which offers significant innovations for both healthcare professionals' learning and patient care.

Indexed as

Communication skillEmpathyKalamazoo consensus statementMedical educationTraining

Identifiers

PMID40491545
PMCPMC12145988

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.