SynthesisBMC pulmonary medicine2025
Procalcitonin and biomarkers for stroke-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- European stroke organisation guideline on stroke-associated pneumonia.European stroke journal · 2026Guideline
- Association between red blood cell distribution width to albumin ratio and pneumonia risk in acute ischemic stroke: evidence from two independent cohorts.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Dynamic trajectories of inflammatory biomarkers and post-stroke cognitive impairment: a comprehensive review of neuroimmune mechanisms, longitudinal modeling, and clinical translation.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Gut dysbiosis, metabolic signals, and pulmonary immune reprogramming: decoding the gut microbiota -immune axis in stroke-associated pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Association between cumulative changes in the Wells score and the risk of stroke-associated pneumonia in patients with acute ischemic stroke: results from the REMISE study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic value of gut microbiota profiling and circulating biomarkers to predict post-stroke infection in acute ischemic stroke.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a machine learning model for predicting stroke-associated pneumonia in older patients with acute ischemic stroke.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a common and severe complication following stroke, significantly impacting recovery and outcomes. Early identification of biomarkers and development of predictive models are essential for SAP diagnosis and prevention. This study systematically evaluated the diagnostic value of procalcitonin (PCT) and other biomarkers for SAP and explored their integration into predictive models.
methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases for studies published up to March 2023. Inclusion criteria focused on studies reporting biomarkers for SAP diagnosis and predictive models. Statistical analyses included pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) using RevMan 5.4 and R software.
resultsThis meta-analysis included 11 studies with 1,478 patients and found that PCT levels were significantly elevated in SAP patients, particularly those with ischemic stroke (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.74-4.04). PCT demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with a pooled sensitivity of 0.84, specificity of 0.89, DOR of 48.78, and AUC of 0.91, outperforming other biomarkers like CRP and IL-6. Predictive models incorporating biomarkers improved risk stratification, though heterogeneity among studies underscores the need for standardization.
conclusionsPCT is a reliable biomarker for SAP diagnosis, offering high sensitivity and specificity. Combining PCT with predictive models can enhance risk assessment and early detection of SAP. Further research is necessary to refine prediction models and validate the clinical application of biomarkers across diverse populations. This study underscores the importance of biomarkers in guiding SAP prevention and management strategies.
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