Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40490077›Full record

ArticleKidney international2025

Evaluation of methodologies in anti-nephrin autoantibody detection.

Pan Liu, Shuping Liu, Vidhi Dalal, Jerome Lane, Paolo Cravedi, Kirk Campbell, Andrea Angeletti, Xinfang Xie, Elisa Gessaroli, Eleonora Forte and 2 more

Abstract readComparative StudyEvaluation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Kidney international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Dual anti-CD20/anti-CD38 therapy for severe recurrent FSGS with longitudinal anti-nephrin assessment.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026
    Article
  5. Observational
  6. Nephrin autoimmunity: signal, noise, and a path to clarity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Serum Factors in Primary Podocytopathies.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Pan LiuDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Shuping LiuDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Vidhi DalalDivision of Nephrology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Jerome LaneDivision of Nephrology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Paolo CravediTranslational Transplant Research Center (TTRC) and Department of Medicine-Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Kirk CampbellTranslational Transplant Research Center (TTRC) and Department of Medicine-Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Andrea AngelettiNephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
Xinfang XieDepartment of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Elisa GessaroliDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Eleonora ForteDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Lorenzo GallonDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Electronic address: lgallon@uic.edu.
Jing JinDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Electronic address: jing.jin@northwestern.edu.

Funding

Rationally Designed, Target-specific Imaging Probes for Nephro-urology DiagnosesR01EB033377 · NIBIB · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Jing Jin, Ming Zhao · 2023 to 2026
$2.3M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB033377
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionRecent studies discovered the prominent presence of anti-nephrin autoantibodies in minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). However, widely different and often unconventional autoantibody detection methods were used in these studies, making it challenging to standardize anti-nephrin antibody detection and quantification across different studies.

methodsHere, we compare methods of conventional ELISA, immunoprecipitation (IP)-based on-beads ELISA, immunoprecipitation-Western blotting (IP-WB), and cell- and tissue-based immunofluorescence staining with two cohorts totaling 169 patients and control individuals.

resultsDifferent assay methods and antigen preparations led to method-specific false-positive and false-negative results. In general, high-quality antigens produced in human cells, combined with IP-based assays, yielded the most robust and reliable results. Among 63 and 24 samples from patients with FSGS or MCD, respectively, two patients with FSGS showed strong antibody signals in both ELISA-based assays and IP-WB, while approximately half of patients with MCD had weak signals detectable only by IP-WB.

conclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of standardizing antibody detection methods.

Indexed as

AutoantibodiesBlotting, WesternGlomerulosclerosis, Focal SegmentalImmunoprecipitationMembrane ProteinsNephrosis, LipoidAdultCase-Control StudiesEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFalse Negative ReactionsFemaleFluorescent Antibody TechniqueHumansMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsAutoantibodiesMembrane Proteinsantigen epitope mappingantinephrin autoantibodyfocal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)minimal change disease (MCD)recombinant nephrin

Identifiers

PMID40490077
PMCPMC12354293

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.