ArticleMedicine2025
Association between immune cell subtypes and membranous nephropathy: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Emerging Immune Cell Biomarkers in Primary Membranous Nephropathy: Immune Cell Profiling During Anti-CD20 B Cell-Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Obinutuzumab in the treatment of idiopathic refractory membranous nephropathy: an observational case series.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prior studies have explored the contribution of immune cells in membranous nephropathy (MN). This study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) to further explore 731 immune cell subtypes on MN, offering robust evidence for their causality. Genetic information for 731 subtypes of immune cells and MN was obtained from genome-wide association studies. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was employed as the primary analytical method. To reinforce the findings, additional methods, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode, were employed, along with sensitivity analyses to ensure robustness and stability. Using the IVW method, MR analysis identified significant positive correlations between 17 immune cell subtypes and MN (P < .05, OR > 1) and negative correlations for 29 subtypes (P < .05, OR < 1). In the reverse MR analysis, MN exhibited positive associations with 2 subtypes (P < .05, OR > 1) and negatively correlated with another 4 subtypes (P < .05, OR < 1). None of these associations showed signs of horizontal pleiotropy (P > .05). This extensive bidirectional two-sample MR analysis provides insights into the complex causal links between certain immune subtypes and MN, underscoring the sophisticated interactions between components of the immune system and MN.
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Registered trials
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