ReviewInternational immunology2025
Cellular metabolism in Th9, Th17, and Treg cell differentiation.
Review in International immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway and Fatty Acid β-Oxidative Imbalance: A Key Mechanism by Which Abnormal Macrophage Lipophagy Promotes Atherosclerosis in Diabetes.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- The Role of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells in Promoting Immune Tolerance in Solid Organ Transplantation:Saudi medical journal · 2026Review
- New Immunological Insights into Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Multidimensional Reappraisal from Molecular Switches to Clinical Phenotypes.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- CD4+T cell metabolic reprogramming as therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Molecular brain · 2026Review
- Inhibition of the RORC/GPX4 mediated ferroptosis regulatory axis suppresses tumor growth and alleviates enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- T Helper Cells and Cytokine Networks in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Genetically Predicted 12,13-DiHOME Mediates the Association between TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand and Immune Thrombocytopenia.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- A thermosensitive hydrogel encapsulating 2-DG alleviates periodontitis by inhibiting glycolysis and effector response of Th17 cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Fatty acid-related immune network in psoriasis: metabolic regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The role of substance P in Th17/Treg imbalance and ocular surface damage in chronic allergic conjunctivitis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation, Perinatal Factors, and Pre-Adolescent Asthma: Findings from the Healthy Growth Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Metabolic regulation of Th9 cell differentiation: insights for IL-9-driven diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
CD4+ helper T (Th) cell subsets play an essential role in the regulation of adaptive immunity. Th9, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells require transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) for their differentiation; however, their respective functions are highly distinct. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of cellular metabolism in initiating clonal expansion and facilitating the effector differentiation of Th cells. Upon antigen exposure, naïve CD4+ T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to fulfill their bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands. This process involves a shift from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis, which ensures a sufficient energy supply for activation and proliferation. Lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in modulating the differentiation and function of Th17, Treg, and Th9 cells. This review explores the influence of metabolic pathways on key transcription factors, including retinoic-acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) and SMADs, and emphasizes their regulatory roles in Th cell differentiation. Furthermore, it discusses emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting cellular metabolism to address autoimmune and inflammatory diseases associated with these T-cell subsets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.