ArticleArchives of microbiology2025
Effects of combining lysozyme, ultrasound, and heat treatments on the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores.
Article in Archives of microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Genomic Insights and Inactivation Strategies forFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The inactivation of bacterial spores remains a critical challenge in food sterilization. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combining ultrasound with heat and lysozyme treatment on the key structures of Bacillus subtilis spores. Spores were subjected to 600 W ultrasound combined with heat treatments at 75 ℃ and 90 ℃ and lysozyme at concentrations of 0.2% and 0.4% for 30 min. The combined treatments exhibited a synergistic effect on spores inactivation, with the most pronounced effect observed with the 600W-90 ℃-0.4% lysozyme treatment, achieving a reduction of 4.7 log CFU/mL. This treatment significantly increased the permeability of the inner membrane, leading to severe hydration of the spore core and substantial release of dipicolinic acid. Flow cytometry results revealed significant damage to the spore's inner membrane. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated a decrease in the stability of the cortex and cell wall peptidoglycan, a phase transition of inner membrane phospholipids from gel to liquid crystal state, and increased fluidity of the inner membrane. The obtained results demonstrated that combining ultrasound, heat, and lysozyme treatments caused substantial damage to the inner membrane, cortex, cell wall and coat of spores, leading to effective spore inactivation.
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Registered trials
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