ReviewCurrent reviews in musculoskeletal medicine2025
Considerations in Care of the Transgender Orthopedic Patient.
Review in Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
purpose of reviewTransgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients, those with a gender identity different from their sex assigned at birth, are a growing population with specific orthopedic needs based on the use of gender-affirming hormonal and surgical therapies. This article outlines the current understanding of musculoskeletal basic science, clinical management considerations and translational applications that influence orthopedic care for TGD patients. In addition, this review highlights pertinent United States health policy changes that may affect TGD health outcomes including access to gender-affirming care and athletic participation. RECENT
findingsTGD patients comprise a small but growing percentage of the population, yet experience significant barriers to health care. Both receipt of gender-affirming care and physical activity have been shown to improve mental health comorbidities in the TGD population. Since 2021, however, a rise in national and state-level policies have restricted healthcare access for TGD patients and their participation in athletic events. Limited collection of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data hinders the generation of population-level clinical evidence for TGD patients within Orthopedics. Despite this, early evidence suggests that estrogen-based and testosterone-based GAHT have a neutral to positive effect on bone health and fracture risk for TGD adults. Further clinical research is needed to define injury patterns in other Orthopedic subspecialties. Despite this, findings extrapolated from basic science and other surgical subspecialties can enable orthopedic providers to engage in evidence-based shared clinical decision-making and patient-centered care.
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