ArticleDental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology2025
Evaluation of the Performance of Artificial Intelligence Based Chatbots in Providing First Aid Information on Dental Trauma According to the ToothSOS Application.
Article in Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of guideline-based prompting on the large language model performance in dental trauma management clinical decision-making.Odontology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Large Language Model-Based Chatbots for Dental Trauma Management: A Comparative Study Based on Accuracy, Consistency and Information Quality.Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc · 2026Article
- SOS Dental Trauma-An Artificial Intelligence Chatbot via WhatsApp for Guiding Patients After Dental Trauma.Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology · 2026Article
- Dental Traumatology in Contemporary Practice: From Evidence to Education and Clinical Practice.Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology · 2026Article
- A patient-derived benchmark for evaluating large language models in connective tissue diseases: blinded multi-stakeholder assessment and guideline comparison.Rheumatology international · 2026Observational
- Can AI chatbots be reliable in dental emergencies? quality assessment of Arabic responses to dental emergency inquiries and public attitudes toward their use.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- ChatGPT in Pediatric Dental Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Response Reliability to Parental Queries.Cureus · 2026Article
- AI-based diagnostic evaluation of GPT-4o for crown-fracture detection on maxillary periapical radiographs: effects of prompt detail and customization.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Capabilities of Large Language Models in Paediatric Dentistry.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models in Paediatric Dentistry: A Scoping Review.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Comparative performance of large language models for patient-oriented support in dental trauma emergencies.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Performance of five free large language models in dental trauma: a 30-day longitudinal benchmark study.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Advanced artificial intelligence-based chatbots (AI-based chatbots) in providing emergency intervention recommendations for dental trauma with intraoral photographs of patients diagnosed with traumatic dental injuries, and to assess their compatibility with emergency intervention recommendations in the ToothSOS application. MATERIAL AND
methodsIn this study, 80 intraoral photographs obtained from patients presenting with dental trauma were uploaded to two different AI-based chatbots (ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Advanced) and the responses generated by these systems were evaluated by four paediatric dentists. The evaluators scored the responses with a Modified Global Quality Score (GQS), referring to the English instructions of the ToothSOS application. In order to analyse the reliability of the responses, a total of three evaluation sessions were conducted 1 week apart.
resultsThe ChatGPT-4o performed better when all injury types were considered together (p = 0.012). It was found that the ChatGPT-4o performed much better in complicated crown fracture cases (p = 0.004) and the Gemini Advanced chatbot performed much better in critical dental injuries such as avulsion (p < 0.001).
conclusionsAI-based chatbots can be a helpful tool in the assessment of dental trauma. However, further development and expert validation are needed to improve their accuracy and consistency, especially in complex cases. Incorporating the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines into the databases of these systems could improve the reliability of their recommendations. In addition, given the widespread use of AI-based chatbots in many fields, particularly health, they could contribute to public health by supporting access to accurate information.
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