ArticleACS omega2025
Copyrolysis of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Agricultural Residues: A Theoretical and Experimental Study for Tailored Biochar Production.
Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) has been identified as a promising feedstock for producing biochar with potential applications as a soil conditioner and animal feed. However, the high heavy metal content and limited availability of nutrients, such as phosphorus (P), pose significant challenges. This study aimed to improve the quality of MSS-derived biochar through copyrolysis with wheat straw (rich in K and Si) and bakery waste husks (rich in K) at temperatures of 500, 650, and 900 °C. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations (TEC) were performed using FactSage and HSC Chemistry to predict the stability of P-bearing compounds and the fate of heavy metals in the biochars. The morphology and physicochemical properties of the biochars were examined by using SEM and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses. The results indicate that increasing the proportions of wheat straw and bakery waste husks, along with higher pyrolysis temperatures, reduced the biochar yield. TEC demonstrated that these blends enhanced the formation of plant-available phosphates compared with pure MSS biochar. This improvement was primarily because of the formation of K/Mg-bearing phosphates in different amorphous and crystalline phases, such as K
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