ArticleArchives of academic emergency medicine2025
Performance of Gram Stain, Leukocyte Esterase, and Nitrite in Predicting the Presence of Urinary Tract Infections: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.
Article in Archives of academic emergency medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: While urine culture is the gold standard for the urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosis, delays in results highlight the need for rapid tests. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of urine Gram staining, leukocyte esterase, and nitrite in predicting the presence of UTI. Methods: A cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study was conducted on adult patients undergoing urine culture at a high-complexity hospital in northeastern Colombia. The results of Gram staining and urinalysis (nitrite and leukocyte esterase) were compared to urine culture as the gold standard test, and screening performance characteristics were calculated and reported for individual and combined tests. Results: A total of 2,123 urine cultures were analyzed, with 49.8% testing positive. Conclusions: It seems that, integrating urine Gram staining with leucocyte esterase and nitrite improves UTI diagnosis in high-complexity emergency settings, reducing unnecessary urine cultures and antibiotic use while enhancing resource utilization and mitigating bacterial resistance.
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