ReviewThe World Allergy Organization journal2025
Hereditary angioedema diagnosis: Reflecting on the past, envisioning the future.
Review in The World Allergy Organization journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond the Index Case: A Practical Framework for Cascade Family Screening in Hereditary Angioedema.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond Swelling: Clinical Insights into the Diagnosis and Management of Hereditary Angioedema.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Developing a patient journey map to improve care and experience in Chinese patients with hereditary angioedema.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2026Article
- Frailty in elderly with a rare genetic disease: a geriatric score analysis in C1 inhibitor Hereditary Angioedema.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluating functional C1INH with multiple laboratory methods across Hereditary Angioedema types.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Individuals with hereditary angioedema (HAE), a rare disease most frequently associated with deficiency (HAE-C1INH-Type1) or dysfunction (HAE-C1INH-Type2) of C1 inhibitor (C1INH), continue to experience frequent misdiagnoses and long delays in diagnosis, preventing appropriate management strategies and placing the patients at continued risk of inappropriate management of painful, debilitating, and potentially fatal swelling attacks. Physician education to increase HAE awareness is important to initiate diagnostic testing for patients who may be at risk of HAE. Standard tests for diagnosing HAE-C1INH-Type1 and HAE-C1INH-Type2 include measurements of antigenic C4 level, antigenic C1INH level, and C1INH function; in contrast, known subtypes of HAE due to normal C1INH can only be confirmed through genetic testing. Current diagnostic tests have certain limitations related to sample handling, storage, and transportation; concerns about the sensitivity and specificity of current assays have also been reported. Furthermore, the accessibility of diagnostic testing for HAE is not universal. Therefore, there is a persistent need for robust and accessible diagnostic tools for HAE. In this review, we provide an overview of currently available assays for HAE diagnosis and summarize some of the novel diagnostic tools that may aid in overcoming diagnostic challenges in HAE and supporting the care of patients with HAE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.