ReviewMedComm2025
The Nasal-Brain Drug Delivery Route: Mechanisms and Applications to Central Nervous System Diseases.
Review in MedComm, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Intranasal administration of stem cells and their derivatives for neurological and respiratory disorders: a systematic review of human clinical trials.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine on postoperative sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Progress, critical challenges, and translational prospects of intranasal administration of botanical essential oils for the treatment of depression.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Redefining intranasal brain delivery: from nasal entry to meaningful parenchymal and cellular exposure.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- α1-Antitrypsin attenuates microglial NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome activation via cannabinoid receptor 2 signaling to ameliorate α-synucleinopathy-related behavioral deficits.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Rapid Preparation of Carrier-Free Self-Assembled Aqueous Nanoformulations of Ten BCS Class II Drugs, Propofol, and Hydroxyapatite Using FAST Nanotechnology.Fortune journal of health sciences · 2026Article
- TogoPhosTAC as a delivery-ready platform for targeted protein dephosphorylation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Substrate-Engine Model of Ferroptosis: Stage-Specific Targeting of Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-Chain Family Member 4 and 5‑Lipoxygenase in Alzheimer's Disease.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- An Optimal Spray Device for the Nose-to-Brain Delivery of AmyP53, an Adaptive Therapeutic Peptide for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Formulation considerations in enhancing olfactory mucosal deposition for nose-to-brain drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound-mediated nose-to-brain co-delivery of β-blockers and aPD-L1 enhances glioblastoma immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Systematic Design and Evaluation of Nasal Drug Delivery for Central Nervous System Disease from Experimental to Clinical Application.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Advances in Intranasal CNS Targeting: Integrating Formulations, Devices, Computational Fluid Dynamics, and 3D Printing.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Targeting the Redox-NF-κB/NLRP3 axis with intranasal liposomal minocycline mitigates aluminum-induced cognitive and structural deficits.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in ischemic stroke management.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Multi-elemental fingerprinting of the human brain: distribution of toxic, essential, and rare earth elements across neocortical, limbic, and subcortical regions.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Unlocking the Power of Plant-Derived Natural Products: Therapeutic Benefits for Cognitive Health and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia-Related Diseases.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bibliometric analysis of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders (1997-2025): trends and future directions.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective efficacy of hentriacontane against rotenone-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells: In silico and in vitro evidence of GSK3β association.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Ketamine addiction following a single sub-anaesthetic ketamine treatment for acute suicidality in a psychiatrically multimorbid patient: case report.BJPsych open · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective and protective barrier that restricts the entry of most therapeutic agents into the central nervous system (CNS), posing a significant challenge for the treatment of CNS diseases. The nose-to-brain drug delivery (NBDD) route has emerged as a promising strategy to bypass the BBB, offering direct, noninvasive, and efficient transport of drugs to the brain. This review begins with a concise overview of the BBB structure and its biofunctions, followed by an in-depth discussion of the mechanisms underlying the nose-to-brain pathway, including the olfactory and trigeminal nerve routes, and respiratory pathway. We further highlight the therapeutic research development of neurodegenerative diseases, acute neurological diseases, brain tumor, and psychiatric disorders when using NBDD drugs encompassing small-molecule drugs, proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, siRNA, and herbal compounds, in which we also introduce innovative delivery systems, including nanocarriers and novel platforms such as exosomes, which enhance drug stability, targeting efficiency, and bioavailability. In addition, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent clinical advancements in therapeutics delivered via the intranasal route for CNS diseases. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions of NBDD, emphasizing its potential to transform the treatment landscape for CNS disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.