ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025
No significant gender differences in driving-related skills following alcohol mixed with energy drinks during an experimental binge-drinking episode.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Combination of Alcohol and Energy Drinks in a Binge Drinking Pattern: Acute Effects and Gender Differences
Acute Effects of an Explosive Cocktail With Energy Drinks That is Trendy Among Young People, the Jägerbomb
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Legal blood alcohol concentration limits and alcohol-attributable traffic mortality rates: an analysis across 165 countries.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmEDs) is trendy among young people. It has been related to risk-taking behaviors like binge drinking and driving under the influence of alcohol. Previous data suggest that women are more sensitive to alcohol-induced impairment. The aim of the study was to assess whether women experience greater acute effects (on driving-related skills and subjective and physiological responses) after the controlled administration of alcohol and energy drinks in an experimental binge-drinking episode. Methods: A randomized, crossover, double-blind clinical trial was conducted with 28 healthy volunteers (14 men and 14 women) across four treatment conditions, namely, alcohol + energy drink (A/ED), alcohol + placebo of ED (A), placebo of alcohol + ED (ED), and both placebos (P). Men received 70 g of alcohol and women received 55 g, combined with 750 mL and 589 mL of ED, respectively; these were administered over 80 min, mimicking a binge-drinking episode. Driving-related skills (measured by a tracking test and the psychomotor vigilance task), subjective effects (using the visual analog scales (VASs, Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (BAES), and Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI)), vital signs, and alcohol and caffeine concentrations were measured over an 8-h period. Results: Peak alcohol concentrations in breath air were 0.46 mg/L in both genders, despite the alcohol dose being 21% lower in women. Similar peak blood caffeine concentrations were observed in men and women (4,500 ng/mL vs. 4,635 ng/mL with A/ED, higher than those with ED). Women reported greater drunkenness (effect size: 45 mm; 95% CI: 5-85 mm) and more alcohol-induced sedation than men (ARCI sedative subscale effect size: 12; 95% CI: 2-22), but no significant gender differences were found in driving-related skills. AmEDs slightly reduced alcohol's effects on most subjective and psychomotor outcomes, but ED did not entirely offset alcohol's effects, and no interaction between the two beverages was found for either gender. Conclusion: After a binge-drinking episode, women reported greater drunkenness and more sedation than men. Our results support that women are more sensitive to several subjective effects of alcohol, but further studies should be conducted to better elucidate gender differences in the effects of AmEDs on driving performance. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04616859.
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