Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40486989›Full record

ArticleLancet regional health. Americas2025

The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States during 2008-2023: an analysis of active, laboratory, population-based, multistate surveillance data.

Namrata Prasad, Miwako Kobayashi, Jennifer P Collins, Amy B Rubis, Gordana Derado, Miranda J Delahoy, Daniel C Payne, Lesley McGee, Sopio Chochua, Henju Marjuki and 16 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  3. Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Namrata PrasadDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Miwako KobayashiDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jennifer P CollinsDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Amy B RubisDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Gordana DeradoDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Miranda J DelahoyDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Daniel C PayneDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lesley McGeeDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Sopio ChochuaDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Henju MarjukiDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lucy A McNamaraDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
LeAnne M FoxDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Arthur ReingoldCalifornia Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, CA, USA.
Megan BarnesColorado Department of Public Health and the Environment, Denver, CO, USA.
Susan PetitConnecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, CT, USA.
Monica M FarleyDepartment of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and the Atlanta VAMC, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lee H HarrisonBloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ruth LynfieldMinnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Jessica HoustonNew Mexico Emerging Infections Program, New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
Bridget J AndersonNew York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
Ann ThomasPublic Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, OR, USA.
Keipp H TalbotDepartment of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
William SchaffnerDepartment of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
Adam L CohenDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Stephanie J SchragDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Melissa ArvayDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Bacterial meningitis is a severe syndrome with dynamic epidemiology, but assessments of current trends are limited. We aimed to describe changing epidemiologic patterns among common bacterial causes of meningitis in the United States. Methods: We analyzed data on bacterial meningitis cases caused by Findings: We identified 5,032 bacterial meningitis cases; among those with outcome data, 11% (573/5028) died. Interpretation: Bacterial meningitis incidence rates have declined since 2008, with a notable low during 2020-2021, followed by a resurgence during 2022-2023. Case fatality remains high. Strategies that provide effective and broader pneumococcal and Funding: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Indexed as

Bacterial meningitisConjugate vaccinesEpidemiologySurveillance

Identifiers

PMID40486989
PMCPMC12141951

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.