ArticleAIP advances2025
Using high speed visualization to identify variations in the formation and distribution of plasmonic microbubbles.
Article in AIP advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Plasmonic heating of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using pulsed lasers (PLs) enables microbubble generation for imaging, diagnostics, and microfluidics. However, aggregation and photomodification cause inconsistencies (variations) in microbubble formation and distribution, particularly in pool-like environments where GNPs undergo aggregation and photomodification. This study experimentally investigates microbubble generation by heating GNPs (532 nm, nanoseconds PL) of various sizes and concentrations, using high-speed imaging (20 kfps). Results show unpredictable variations in bubble formation area (BFA), even under similar energy absorption. Large individual microbubbles were observed at relatively low energy absorption, primarily due to aggregation. Boiling on the transparent surface occurred in multiple tests, a phenomenon linked to optical pulling forces that deposited GNPs on the surface. This produced well-defined semi-circular bubbles (∼600
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