Delayed diagnosis of pediatric brucellosis: a case study and literature review.

Introduction and importance: Brucellosis is globally acknowledged as the predominant zoonotic infection afflicting humans. Misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis pose significant challenges in the diagnosis of brucellosis due to the potential risk of overlooking or misinterpreting symptoms. Case presentation: This article reports a case of a 10-year-old girl with brucellosis, presenting with fever, rash on both lower limbs, and pain in the right ankle joint. The patient underwent 10 days of inaccurate treatment at a local hospital without improvement, and then sought treatment at a provincial hospital. Considering that it was the peak season for Mycoplasma pneumonia infection, she received intravenous cefotaxime combined with oral azithromycin for anti-infection treatment after admission. Six days later, blood cultures showed positive for Clinical discussion: In this case, if medical staff had been fully aware of the relevant issues and promptly conducted corresponding laboratory tests, such as the tube agglutination test (SAT) or the colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay, the patient might have received effective treatment earlier. Conclusion: Brucellosis often has nonspecific symptoms that can lead to misdiagnosis or delays in diagnosis. However, early intervention can reduce complications, shorten treatment time, and improve outcomes. Therefore, developing effective diagnostic tests for brucellosis is crucial for timely detection and management. Additionally, healthcare professionals need a thorough understanding of the disease's clinical signs and diagnostic challenges to ensure accurate and prompt diagnoses.