Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40486511›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2025

The pivotal role of inflammatory factors in glaucoma: a systematic review.

Bin Lin, Dongkan Li

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Observational
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Gasotransmitters in Glaucoma: A New Paradigm.Bulletin of pharmaceutical research · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Bin LinXiamen Eye Center and Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China.
Dongkan LiXiamen Eye Center and Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, is becoming more prevalent with the aging population, burdening patients, families, and society. In the past, the role of inflammatory factors in its pathogenesis was overlooked. This systematic review, based on a PubMed search and strict screening of 61 articles, selected 19 for in-depth analysis. It was found that multiple inflammatory factors like Tumor Necrosis factor alpha (TNF - α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Interleukin-1 (IL-1) are abnormal in glaucoma patients' intraocular fluid. They impact trabecular meshwork function, damage retinal ganglion cells, and activate the complement system. Other factors such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) also contribute to the disease process. Based on these findings, emerging therapeutic strategies for glaucoma may include biological agents targeting specific inflammatory mediators, multitarget anti-inflammatory approaches, and personalized interventions guided by inflammatory biomarker profiling. However, critical challenges such as blood-retinal barrier penetration limitations, systemic immunosuppression risks, and technical hurdles in gene therapy delivery require further investigation. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence to inform clinical decision-making regarding inflammatory biomarker monitoring while identifying key knowledge gaps in ocular immunomodulation. The findings underscore the necessity for translational studies bridging preclinical models with clinical applications, ultimately aiming to optimize therapeutic outcomes for glaucoma patients worldwide.

Indexed as

GlaucomaInflammationInflammation MediatorsAnimalsBiomarkersHumansBiomarkersInflammation Mediatorsglaucomainflammatory factorsneuroinflammationpathogenesistherapeutic targets

Identifiers

PMID40486511
PMCPMC12141016

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.