Exploring Physician-Nurse Relations Through the Lens of Intersectionality: A Scoping Review.

This scoping review examines how intersectional variables shape physician-nurse relations, addressing a gap in research on how social identities influence collaboration and communication. Using the PROGRESS-Plus framework, we analyzed 21 US-based inpatient studies published between 2000 and 2020, focusing on factors such as age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, and specialty. Findings revealed that sex/gender and specialty were the most frequently examined variables, while race/ethnicity was notably underrepresented. Although some studies considered multiple variables, most did not intentionally apply an intersectional framework, limiting a comprehensive understanding of how these factors interact. Additional variables, including years of experience, spoken language, and workplace culture, also shaped physician-nurse dynamics. To improve interdisciplinary collaboration, future research should intentionally integrate intersectionality into study designs, medical education, and clinical practice. Addressing these complexities through targeted interventions can foster equitable teamwork and enhance patient outcomes.