Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40485756›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental health insights2025

Assessing Rural Communities in Central and East Africa: How to Provide Clean Water and Sanitation by 2030.

Birhanu Chalchisa Werku, Abayineh Amare Woldeamanuel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental health insights, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera, chitosan, and alum as adsorbents in lake water treatment.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Birhanu Chalchisa WerkuDepartment of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Abayineh Amare WoldeamanuelDepartment of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The provision of clean drinking water and proper sanitation is essential for public health, particularly in rural areas with limited resources. The goal of Sustainable Development Goal 6 is to ensure that all people have access to clean water and adequate sanitation by 2030. Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify differences in the availability of basic services such as drinking water and sanitation in rural areas of 15 African countries. Methods: The research examines data on sanitation and clean water from 15 African countries using a well-balanced panel data technique. Key indicators such as access to drinking water, sanitation services, and healthcare coverage were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: According to the findings, there are significant differences in the availability of clean water and sanitation in rural areas. The study draws attention to several problematic issues, such as a high rate of open defecation (29.3%), inadequate sanitation services (20.1%), and limited access to safe-guarded drinking water (7.4%). The number of people who lack access to electricity, clean cooking fuel, and basic hand washing facilities is alarming (20.6%, 26.7% and 14.4%, respectively). The deficiencies cause an average mortality rate from communicable diseases of 50.3% and inadequate treatment of diarrhea in children under 5 years of age (39.3%). Conclusions: Rural communities in 15 African countries face serious challenges when it comes to accessing clean water and sanitation, as indicated by the study. An urgent public health crisis is posed by the unavailability of safe managed drinking water for 7.4% of the population and the high prevalence of open defecation at 29.3%. To address these problems effectively, governments must establish integrated health and sanitation policies that emphasize community participation, public health education, and infrastructure improvements.

Indexed as

developmentgoalsanitationsustainablewater

Identifiers

PMID40485756
PMCPMC12144398

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.