ArticleBMJ open2025
Characteristics of spinal injury in professional golfers in South Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesTo determine the golf-related characteristics of spinal injuries among professional golfers in South Korea.
designCross-sectional survey study.
settingOnline survey in South Korea.
participantsA total of 439 professional active golfers (226 males and 213 females) in South Korea completed our survey.
methodsData collected included experiences of cervical (C)-spine and thoracic and lumbar (T/L)-spine injuries, demographics and golf-related characteristics among Korean professional golfers. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore any potential factors of golf-related spinal injuries.
resultsA total of 33.7% (148 of 439) experienced total spine injury in professional active golfers, presenting 15.5% of C-spine injuries and 21.9% of T/L-spine injuries. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that left-handed (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.20 to 6.47 compared with right-handed) and fingertips <5 cm apart (fair grade) in the shoulder reach flexibility (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.69) significantly influenced spinal injuries. Several factors such as age, golf-career years and body mass index were associated with time to injury, symptom duration and disability of spine injuries including C-spine and T/L-spine injuries.
conclusionsNearly 33.7% of Korean professional active golfers have experienced golf-related spinal injuries. These injuries appear to make left-handed golfers more vulnerable; however, adequate flexibility may offer protection against such injuries, suggesting the need for tailored preventative strategies based on individual biomechanical profiles.
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