ArticleBMC public health2025
Characterizing the Venezuelan situation between 2014-2020 in a population-based study using seven key indicators.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVenezuela has faced a crisis over the past decade. This study aims to characterize the crisis and identify the population's most vulnerable subgroups.
methodsFollow-up data (2018-2020) from 1,257 subjects (35% of the total) who participated in the nationally representative sample of the Venezuelan Study of Cardiometabolic Health (EVESCAM, 2014-2017) were analyzed. The distribution of seven crisis indicators- food insecurity, stressful life events, family separation, disruption in access to utilities (water, electricity, gas, or sanitation), lack of access to medications, lack of access to transportation, and disruption of childhood education- were analyzed across five subgroups (age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status [SES], and education). Logistic regression adjusted by other socio-demographic variables was used to analyze associations among variables.
resultsOf the total sample, 71.8% were female, 67.0% ≥ 50 years old, 52% low SES, and 80.2% Mixed ethnicity. Overall, 77.3% reported disruption in access to at least one utility and 31.7% to two or more utilities. The former was higher in females (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.08-1.98) and those with lower education (OR 2.03, 1.27-3.23). Lack of electricity (70.2%) was similar across subgroups. Lack of transportation (76.2%) affected females (OR 1.36, 1.10-1.67) and those of Mixed ethnicity more strongly. Disruption of children's education was reported more in homes with the youngest, Amerindian, low SES, and less educated participants. Family separation (49.2%) affected older and female participants more strongly. Food insecurity (60.2%) was more frequent in the low SES group compared with the high SES group (OR 2.17, 1.45-3.25). Stressful life events (67.2%) and lack of medications (43.8%) did not differ across subgroups.
conclusionsThe Venezuelan humanitarian crisis has heightened vulnerability to crisis indicators among women, elders, those with low SES, and less educated subgroups of the population. These findings should prompt cost-effective programs targeted at those most vulnerable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.