Trial reportBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025
Effect of gum chewing and cold therapy on postoperative cesarean women's self-assessed pain levels and narcotics use: a comparative study.
Trial report in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Optimizing Nurse-Involved Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Postoperative Pain: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOne of the most important things for women having cesarean deliveries to focus on is effective pain management. Nursing practice to lessen labor pain may be significantly impacted by the application of a nonpharmacologic treatment.
aimEvaluate the effect of gum chewing and cold therapy on postoperative cesarean women's self-assessed pain levels and narcotics use.
methodA Quasi Experimental intervention design was used in the study at inpatient units of Dar Sahet Elmar`Aa hospital that follow Egypt healthcare authority in Port Said city. Purposive sample of 159 pregnant women who enrolled randomly in the three parallel groups. Two tools were used for collecting data in the study as A self-Administered questionnaire and the visual analog scale (VAS) were used.
resultsThe overall mean VAS score among the Cold pack gel group was 4.216 ± 0.716, Gum chewing group was 4.314 ± 0.908, while control group was 5.714 ± 1.232 with statistically significance differences among groups. Furthermore, over one quarter in cold therapy group, less than one quarter in Gum chewing group (32.1 and 28.3%, respectively) stopped taking analgesics 24 h after surgery, compared to only 7.5% of control group.
conclusionCold pack gel and gum chewing offer simple and cost-effective alternatives for postoperative pain management; however, cold pack gel has been shown to be substantially more effective in improving pain scores at four, eight, twelve, and twenty-four hours after surgery. In addition to its impact on reducing the need for opioid prescription drugs. Trial Registration Number (TRN). The study protocol was registered by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University with code number: NUR22 on 6/2/2023.
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