ArticleMicrobial ecology2025
Heavy Metals and Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a River System of Odisha, India: Correlation and Integrated Risk Assessment.
Article in Microbial ecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Klebsiella pneumoniae from community-acquired infections and an urban river share antimicrobial resistance profiles and high-risk lineages but differ in virulence.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Not so innocent: Environmental Klebsiella pneumoniae disseminating resistance and virulence via conjugation.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Phenotypic and genomic characterization of lead tolerance and Pb(II) removal by Klebsiella pneumoniae ST86 EP-L-21.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- Silent Threat Evolution: Critically Important Carbapenem and Colistin Resistance Genes in the Natural Aquatic Environment.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The unregulated release of heavy metals and antibiotics into rivers has the potential to significantly impact human health. Infections caused by healthcare-associated pathogen, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), present a critical challenge to clinical practitioners due to its resistance to last-line antibiotics. In this study, we investigated co-contamination of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Pb) and CRKP isolates in water samples from multiple sites along the river receiving wastewater discharge from urban areas of twin-city, Odisha. We used a composite risk scoring framework integrating chemical risks (based on hazard indices (HI) of heavy metals) and biological risks (based on the proportion of CRKP isolates exhibiting multidrug-resistant phenotypes and their multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index. Furthermore, Spearman's correlations and redundancy analysis (RDA) were employed to assess the association between heavy metals and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). From the total CRKP isolates identified (n = 91), 90.1% and 9.89% exhibited multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotypes, respectively. Sites D2 and C2 were flagged as high-risk sites based on their composite risk scores of 0.735 and 0.699, respectively. Positive correlations were observed between heavy metals and ARGs (bla
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